Notably, a recent study showed that airway delivery of a Sirt3 overexpression cDNA promotes resolution of lung fibrosis in aged mice in part by working along with macrophage-derived paracrine secreted products in activating the forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor FoxO3a in fibroblasts, which subsequently augments fibroblast pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member expression and apoptosis [35]. Here, FOXO3 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.