MMP9 and neoplasm: In TPA-induced human hepatoma cells, dieckol suppression of MMP-9 occurred via inhibition of the activity of ERK 1/2 and JNK kinases [128], while in HT1080 cells treated with 6,6’-bieckol both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were suppressed via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway [124], evidencing the potential role of phlorotannins in inflammation-based tumor development and invasion.