In cell and animal studies, curcumin has the ability to block multiple sites of the TGF-β signaling in renal cells [41], suppressing bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats [42], and inhibiting TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts [9]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.