Fibroblasts and retinal ganglion-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from a normal tension glaucoma patient with the TBK1 duplication, exhibited an intrinsically higher autophagic flux compared to control (WT) cells [178], while transgenic mice expressing one or two copies of the human TBK1 gene demonstrate an age-related loss of their RGCs that is independent of ocular hypertension [179]. Here, TBK1 is linked to ocular hypertension.