While neoantigen load alone was associated with but not predictive of patient outcomes in anti-CTLA-4 treated melanoma [181,183] and anti-PD-1 treated lung cancer cohorts [182], neoantigen load corrected for the predicted affinity of mutant peptides to bind MHC-I (termed differential agretopicity), better-predicted immunotherapy responses in the same patient cohorts [187]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and melanoma.