PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immunotherapies are a new therapeutic modality, which has been studied and used for the treatment of advanced NSCLC in the past 10 years [9,10]; for example, anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed and widely studied in clinical trials, and have been used to treat advanced NSCLC.