A recent pivotal clinical study (ADAURA) showed that the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib significantly reduced the disease recurrence rate in stage IB to IIIA resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients [8]; however, the advances in neoadjuvant and post-operative adjuvant therapies for surgically resectable NSCLC have been very limited over the last three decades. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.