The addition of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs to other treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, and radiation therapy, can synergize to improve the treatment efficacy for NSCLC, despite a high tumor surface PD-L1 expression level [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.