ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Several previous clinical studies have shown that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs had a significantly lower response rate and shorter survival in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR, ALK or ROS-1 mutations than non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC patients [40,41,42]; therefore, EGFR-, ALK-, or ROS1- mutated NSCLC patients are generally not recruited in most clinical trials investigating the efficacy of first-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs [22,23,24,25,26,27,28].