TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Moreover, in the (2) situation, an interesting study reported the positive effects of low dose sequential kinetic activation (SKA) cytokines/antibodies (IL-4, IL-10 and anti-IL-1) orally administered in RA patients who display a low disease activity (LDA) after having been treated with either anti-TNF-α biologic agents and/or DMARDs [87].