CCNF and neoplasm: Therefore, in the future, it would be interesting to design anti-BRCA strategies by counterbalancing the activities of E2 and E3 ligases, for example, to (1) maintain CCNF to suppress tumor-promoter RRM2 and/or (1) inhibit FBXL8 and FZR1 to reduce their targeting of tumor-suppressor CCNF protein.