A dynamic modulation of immune suppressive ICM such as PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM and Galectin-9 (only on B16 melanoma) and immune stimulatory ICM like ICOS-L, CD137-L, Ox40-L, and CD27-L on both murine and human cancer cells was observed (Figure 11). Here, ICOSLG is linked to cancer.