Although LRV does not directly affect Leishmania growth, the release of the viral dsRNA from degenerated LRV subverts the human innate immune response by inducing hyper-inflammation via the activation of the host Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling, thus increasing parasite burden, exacerbating the disease and leading to larger lesions at the peak of infection [6]. Here, TLR3 is linked to infection.