Remarkably, T1D-MVP-associated genes included several genes known to be associated with T1D or immune responses, such as HLA class II, HLA-DQB1, Regulatory Factor X-Associated Protein (RFXAP), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1A), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), and Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (GAD2). Here, TNF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.