In addition to an increased IL-17 response to the lysate in CF/ABPA/CPA patients (median, 14.3 versus 1.3 pg/mL in controls), significantly greater induction of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 was found in samples from patients with Aspergillus-associated lung diseases (Figure 5e). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and cystic fibrosis.