INS and Insulin resistance: Ntzouvani et al. [71], in a 2019 systematic review of a small number of nut RCTs, indicated that the intake of 60 g/day of almonds by prediabetic subjects improved fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, HbA1c, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cellular glucose uptake by lymphocytes, and/or beta cell function compared to the control diet over 4 months.