The study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of Semax using models of cerebral ischemia in rats showed that the peptide acts on the brain transcriptome: it enhances the transcription of neurotrophins and their receptors [13,14], significantly affects the expression of genes associated with the processes of the immune response [15,16], suppresses the activation of the expression of genes involved in inflammation, and prevents the decrease in the expression of genes associated with neurotransmission [17]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Cerebral ischemia.