Since the Immunomodulatory mAbs show their most potent anti-tumor effects by activating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes against cancer cells, we also investigated the anti-tumor effects of the novel anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 mAbs, used as single agents or in combination on tumor cells co-cultured with hPBMCs. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.