Although treatment with single-agent BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032) resulted in promising response rates in metastatic melanoma patients harboring the BRAFV600E mutation, clinically meaningful activity was not achieved in BRAF mutant metastatic CRC patients, which implies that the BRAFV600E-regulated response and resistance to therapy mirror tissue- and cancer-type specific biological contexts defined by the BRAFV600E mutation. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and cancer.