BDNF and Cognitive impairment: Interestingly, in the group of rats receiving GBR 12909 alone in early postnatal life, in which no social and cognitive deficits were revealed in adulthood, the levels of BDNF mRNA and its protein in the PFC were significantly reduced, while in the HIP despite a significant decrease in BDNF mRNA a relatively large increase in BDNF protein was observed compared to the control group and that treated with BSO alone.