Serum renalase concentrations in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were significantly higher than those in healthy control subjects (177.2 ± 68.3 vs. 19.6 ± 5.0, p < 0.01), whereas renalase concentrations in erythrocytes were significantly lower (176.4 ± 59.1 vs. 233.2 ± 83.1, p < 0.01) (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure 2). The gene discussed is RNLS; the disease is chronic kidney disease.