GLDC and lung adenocarcinoma: LC–MS-based metabolomics was used to profile HLF and 3T3 cells overexpressing GLDC, in addition to A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with retroviral knockdown of GLDC. Glycolytic intermediates glucose 1-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, together with the pyrimidines thymidine, deoxyuridine, thymine, cytosine and uracil, were all upregulated in the HLF and 3T3 cells.