Particular efforts have to be continued to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the over expression of gangliosides in specific tumor types, especially the multi-level regulation of key Golgi-localized glycosyltransferases (GD3 synthase, GD2 synthase, FUT1, FUT2, CASD1), and their effects of synthesized gangliosides on the malignant properties of cancer cells (activated signaling pathways, gene/protein networks involved) to optimize therapeutic strategies. The gene discussed is CASD1; the disease is neoplasm.