Moreover, such ZT 13 time-of-day-dependent bromocriptine effects upon reductions in vascular pathology were coupled to time-of-day-dependent bromocriptine reductions in (a) multiple pathophysiological components of metabolic syndrome including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hypertension, increased liver TG content, and obesity, and (b) mediobasal hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression, overactivations of which are known to induce metabolic syndrome [53,54,55,56]. This evidence concerns the gene NPY and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.