NPY and Insulin resistance: Previous studies indicate that this effect of ZT 13 bromocriptine treatment on metabolic syndrome occurs via the normalization of overactive norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) activities at the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and of overactive NPY and CRH activities at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to reduce elevated sympathetic outflow to the periphery (reviewed in [1,2,85]), as well as to normalize VMH glucose sensing to improve glucose tolerance and insulin resistance [3].