Accordingly, by analyzing the expression of ATX and LPA3 in 87 invasive human breast carcinomas, Popnikolov et al. demonstrated that (1) compared with normal breast tissue, mammary carcinomas were more frequently positive for ATX and LPA3, and (2) compared with LPA3− tumors, the LPA3-expressing tumors presented with a more advanced stage of disease and more often had lymph node metastases [60]. This evidence concerns the gene LPAR3 and breast carcinoma.