LPAR1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: The inhibition of LPA1 together with the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)/p38-MAPK pathways all result in decreased MMP-9 activity and invasiveness of HCC, indicating that LPA enhances MMP-9 expression and HCC invasiveness through the LPA1 receptor and synergistic activation of the PI3K and p38-MPAK signaling cascades [58,59].