In vitro stimulation of human normal fibroblasts with LPA (as well as with conditioned medium from an ovarian cancer cell line) converted these cells into CAFs that expressed αSMA, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, VEGFA, VEGFB, FAP, CXCL12 and IL-6 [93]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and ovarian cancer.