Germline variants in TLR3 pathway genes including TLR3 [63,64,65,66,67], UNC93B1 [68], TRIF [66,69], TRAF3 [70], TBK1 [66,71], and IRF3 [72], as well as two genes important for type I IFN signaling (IFNAR1 and STAT1), have been linked to increased susceptibility to herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). Here, IFNAR1 is linked to herpes simplex encephalitis.