Ciancanelli and colleagues [89] reported on a 7-year-old girl with life-threatening ARDS from pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus who was found to have compound heterozygous IRF7 variants leading to a loss of IRF7 function and impaired production of type I and III IFNs in response to influenza infection. The gene discussed is IRF7; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.