PARP1 and animal viral hepatitis: In conclusion, as shown in the schematic diagram of Figure 8, we demonstrate that IFNGR-JAK-STAT-PARP1 pathway might facilitate viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness and stemness with a series of experimental designs, which results in the downregulation of cancer stem cell genes and enhances the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib by initiating the expression of apoptosis-related genes in vHCC cells, thus maximizing its therapeutic potential for patients with HCC.