Furthermore, by applying data from the cohort of patients with Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital HCC cancer to corroborate this finding, we consistently observed that although Jak2 immunostaining in nvHCC (n = 10) samples remain unchanged compared with normal liver samples (n = 10), vHCC (n = 10) samples showed elevated Jak2 levels (Figure 1H and Supplementary Table S4). Here, JAK2 is linked to cancer.