HGF and melanoma: In this regard, Houshmand et al. developed a realistic melanoma model composed of tumor cells and fibroblasts, highlighting the ability of the latter to modulate cancer sensitivity to vemurafenib through secretion of various proteins, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) [106].