CD274 and cancer: This modeling must take into account that different tumors are characterized by distinct immune signatures: (1) inflamed (or “hot”) tumors are infiltrated with immune cells, interacting with them through direct contact (i.e., PD1/PDL1 interaction); (2) immune-excluded cancers are surrounded by immune cells, that are in turn confined to the borders of the tumor mass and are not able to infiltrate it; (3) finally, in immune-desert (or “cold”) malignancies, immune cells are completely unable to reach the tumor tissue, so that it is nor surrounded nor infiltrated by immune cells [113].