APOE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Previous studies in different animal models of diabetes with obesity (e.g., streptozotocin-induced [11,16], db/db [12], ApoE(−/−) mice [13] and OLETF rats [14]) have shown that treatment with empagliflozin profoundly improves liver steatosis and inflammation by enhancing macrophage autophagy and macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype [12,13,17] as well as by reducing the expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress [13,18], lipogenesis [13,14,18] and gluconeogenesis [14].