TNF and periodontal disorder: In particular, the analysis revealed that the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, and TNF-α in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease were more than twice as high as those in the saliva of subjects without periodontal disease (data not shown).