TNF and laryngeal carcinoma: A work found a crosstalk between PGE2 and TNF-α signaling pathways, and the interaction between GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) and TRAF2 (TNF receptor associated factor 2), which leads to the activation of TNF-α–TRAF2-MMP (cell matrix metalloprotease)-9 signaling, and results in the progression of laryngeal carcinoma [53].