TNF and acute monocytic leukemia: Sperlich and co-authors [106] showed that pseudopterosins were able to block the inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65 in leukemia cells, as well as inducing a nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor and reducing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia cells (IC50 value of 24.4 μM).