ABCD1 and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: An X-ALD fly model has been generated in Drosophila melanogaster using RNA interfering of dABCD, the ortholog of ABCD1. These flies survive to adulthood but exhibit a specific brain neurodegenerative phenotype with retinal defects including holes and loss of pigment cells associated with death of neurons and glia [116].