ACTA2 and Infertility: Xu et al. found that primary cultures from eutopic endometrial tissues of infertile endometriosis women expressed higher levels of H19 and ACTA2 (alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) than those from infertile, non-endometriosis women, and the alterations in the estrogen/H19/miR-216a-5p/ACTA2 pathway may contribute to the invasion and migration of the epithelial cells [20].