Meanwhile, decreased serum TGF-β concentrations promote the expression of Graves’ disease; increase susceptibility to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and trigger the autoimmune phenomena during its initial stage; promote autoimmunity in autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy; and are associated with increased risk for post-partum thyroiditis and increased autoantibody production. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is thyroiditis.