The first phase is controlled by at least three partially redundant genetic pathways, which are defined by genes encoding: (1) the transmembrane cell adhesion molecule UNC-40/DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer)[48], (2) the transmembrane protein MIG-21 and the conserved, putative C-mannosyl transferase DPY-19/DPY19L [48–50], and (3) the cadherin proteins CDH-3, CDH-4, and the LAR-like receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTP-3/LAR [51–53]. Here, PTPRF is linked to colorectal cancer.