Conversely, expression of SF3B1, U2AF1, and SRSF2 MDS-associated mutations in macrophages, MDS patient-derived cell lines, and mouse and human myeloid cells results in enhanced NF-ĸB activation and subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production (Pollyea et al. 2019). This evidence concerns the gene SF3B1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.