At present, the ICIs that target programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA 4), allowing the activation of the T lymphocytes antineoplastic activity, are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced NSCLC [5, 6]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.