CXCL8 and endothelial dysfunction: Moreover, TREM-1 activation was shown to result in a persistent release of cytokines and chemokines (tumour necrosis factor alfa [TNF-α], IL-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1) [8], and is directly related to endothelial dysfunction [23] and platelet activation [24].