NOTCH3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In HCC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), Notch3 signaling activates the COX-2 and ERK1/2 pathways, which subsequently enhance the migration and invasion of tumor cells by upregulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (Zhou et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2016).