The considerable CXCL1-dependent inhibition of the expression of CCL2 and CCL28, also endowed with an immunostimulating, but also pro-tumoral effect (Mohan et al., 2017; Yoshimura, 2018), emphasizes the critical role of the final equilibrium among the multiple microenvironmental signals in driving BCSC fate and tumor behavior. This evidence concerns the gene CCL28 and neoplasm.