TNF and colonic neoplasm: The results of the PPI network showed that the key targets of ursolic acid in the treatment of colon cancer mainly included interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFA), prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2/COX2), caspase-3 (CASP3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cyclin D1 (CCND1), JUN, and signal transducer and transcription activator 3 (STAT3).