Notably, Tat is also involved in the other post-transcriptional processes of RNA polyadenylation and splicing (Chiu et al., 2001, 2002; Schapira et al., 2003; Jablonski et al., 2010) where additional blocks to HIV-1 transcription in latent infection have been suggested. Here, TAT is linked to disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.