Cytokines [interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-2], targeted therapy [tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, agents targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)], and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used as therapies for metastatic RCC. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.