CD4 and neoplasm: Based on the gene sets of 28 tumor-infiltrating cells and 17 classical immune-related pathways collected from published studies [23, 24], the ssGSEA results showed that cluster-B was markedly richer not only in innate immune cell infiltration including mast cells, macrophages, and MDSCs, but also, in adaptive immune cell infiltration, such as activated B cells, activated CD8 T cells, activated dendritic cells effector memory CD4 T cells, and effector memory CD8 T cells than cluster-A (Fig. 2a).