Homologues of plant VITs have been identified in other eukaryotes (but, significantly, not in animals), bacteria and archaea [20]; and an orthologue of plant VIT is encoded by the genomes of several apicomplexan parasites, including those involved in pathogenesis of human disease states such as toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and malaria [20, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene VIT and malaria.