miRNA-mediated regulation of transcripts of critical genes of the insulin signaling cascade such as IRS1 by miR-128a [44] and miR-29 [45]; IRS-2 by miR-135a [29]; PTEN by miR-21 [46] and miR-494 [47]; IGF-1 by miR-126 [48] and miR-1 [49]; IGF-2R receptor and IGFBP5 by miR-143-3p [50]; PPARδ by miR-29a [51]; Hexokinase 2 (HK2), IRS-1, GLUT1, PIK3R3 and AKT2 by miR-29a and 29c [52]; GLUT4 by miR-17 [53] and miR-106b [54]; JAG1 by miR-449a [55] have been reported in diverse models of diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.