In fact, circulating anti-alpha-enolase antibodies (anti-ENO1 Ab) were identified in numerous autoimmune diseases like autoimmune retinopathy and cancer-associated retinopathy [24,25], ANCA positive vasculitis [26], systemic and multiple sclerosis [27,28], Behçet's disease [29], rheumatoid arthritis patients [30], ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease [31], lupus nephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia and primary membranous nephropathy [32,33]. Here, ENO1 is linked to autoimmune disease.