The extracellular S100P further bound to the cell surface receptor RAGE, and then activated the downstream MAPK/ERK pathway to promote tumour proliferation and invasion.7,8 Numerous studies have shown that S100P was upregulated in diverse cancers and associated with poor clinical prognosis.9–12 However, previous studies have mostly described the mechanisms of exocrine S100P or its roles in cytoplasm. The gene discussed is S100P; the disease is cancer.