AP3D1 and metabolic syndrome: Using the Mann–Whitney U test, the s-AP3D1-Ab levels were compared between participants with body mass index (BMI) < 25 and BMI ≥ 25; participants with or without diseases of DM, hypertension (HT), CVD, and dyslipidemia; and between those patients who were smokers or nonsmokers and those who consumed alcohol or not.