ESR1 and breast cancer: In our study we identified genetic aberrations in 50 breast cancer patients from a population cohort in the state of Qatar using Sanger sequencing targeted on ESR1, and performed ESMACS (enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics with approximation of continuum solvent)15,16 and TIES (thermodynamic integration with enhanced sampling)16,17 binding free energy studies to understand the effects of these mutations in a manner that could be used in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit these ER mutants and substantially improve treatment outcomes18.