PTEN and osteosarcoma: For example, TGF-β promotes EMT by upregulating SNAIL and subsequently downregulating E-cadherin93 and miR-23a and miR-130a induce EMT in osteosarcoma cells by directly downregulating PTEN.94,95 In addition, BMP-2 upregulated ZEB2 and activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in these osteosarcoma cells.