TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: During periodontal disease hyperactivation of neutrophils and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (adipokines, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, CRP), oxidative stress leads to insulin resistance with disturbance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins metabolism and therefore to obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia [22, 23, 34, 35].